Plato And Aristotle s Views On Modern Political Thought...

Philosophers have pondered what makes for an ideal state since antiquity. In fact, the ideas theorized by the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle over two millennia ago on this subject still resonate strongly today, influencing modern political thought and regime construction. Plato contends the ideal state is one ruled by a class of guardians, or â€Å"philosopher-kings†. These philosopher-kings are selected to rule because they are best fit for the responsibility. Aristotle, a pupil of Plato, acknowledges and agrees with Plato on the point that states ruled by philosopher-kings would be ideal states, but adds such states are simply not reasonable. Instead, Aristotle advocates for rule by â€Å"polity†: a constitutional government†¦show more content†¦Likewise, children born of guardians deemed unfit to be future guardians are relegated to one of the other classes. By creating a system of specialization in which ability solely determines the citizen s’ duties, Plato ensures those who govern his city will not be the beneficiaries of parental and/or class nepotism. For this reason, the city’s political health is protected from the deleterious effects of an inefficient ruling class. This class structure is wholly unconventional, but necessary in Plato’s ideal city. This is due to his position on the equity, or lack thereof, between humans; some people, be it by nature or nurture, are more competent than others and the most competent should rule over those less so for the benefit of the whole. However, Plato knows this system will be fraught if it ignores base human desire. Citizens will not willingly accept being corralled into specific societal roles, especially if they think those roles are unjust or beneath them. Plato’s system cannot work without a â€Å"noble lie†. The noble lie promulgated to the citizens of Plato’s city relies on a sort of divine meddling. According to the lie, alth ough everyone in the society is related and should share a familial bond, guardians, auxiliaries, and producers all have different levels of ability imparted onto them by â€Å"the god† in the form of intrinsic metals. As Socrates’ saysShow MoreRelatedThe Formations Of The Mankind System1568 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice, being on everyone s lips, is used so often that it may signify nearly anything. Though one of the main meanings given by modern people is the interchangeability of justice with the word â€Å"fairness†. Indeed, in any situation occurred in our everyday life we all want to be treated in a fair way, because we believe that we deserve equal and unbiased treatment - one should not be paid any less because of gender, one should not be judged more roughly because of one s skin color or one should notRead MorePlato s Critique Of Democracy2140 Words   |  9 Pagesmany, but Aristotle called this definition incomplete. In his book â€Å"Politics†, he explained that in a city if the majorities are aristocrats and if they have political authority, then it is an aristocracy not a democracy. He therefore defined democracy as when â€Å"free people have authority and Oligarchy as when the wealthy have it† (1290b). Plato viewed Democracy as a flawed system with too much inefficiency that would make any implementation of a true democracy not worth it. While Aristotle viewed democracyRead MoreOrigin Development of Sociology as a Separate Science2145 Words   |  9 Pagesthinking about society and it should be organized and held views on man and his destiny, the rise and fall of the peoples and civilizations. Though they were thinking in sociological terms they were called philosophers, historians, thinkers, law-givers or seers. Though sociology came to be established as a separate discipline in the 19th –century due to the efforts of the French Philosopher Auguste Comte. It is wrong to suppose that no social thought existed before him. Four thousands of years men haveRead MoreShould Rehabilitation Be Treated?3179 Words   |  13 Pagesexpatriation, steeping among others, reaching in its modern phase segregation ; isolation offender as therapy for their evils born jail. As the story Paul-Michel Foucault a historian of ideas, social theorist and philosopher French, pointing at Origin and historical evolution of the prison, although how prison is very old, the imprisonment and institutionalization was formulated by thought illustrated and triumphed in the transition from the Old Regime to Liberalism: the late eighteenth century (FoucaultRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 Pagesthe lectures he gave at the University of Berlin between 1818 and 1831. The document presented in our digital archive is a private copy of the first print edition of 1821 that was annotated by Hegel himself for use in subsequent lectures. In Hegels view, property is something that enables the exercise of subjective freedom rather than a consequence of civil liberties. Thus, literary property is also a manifestation of a persons free will. Hegels concept of individual, personal rights as a basisRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 Pages idiom which the colonial writers followed. Gradually the Indian English authors began employing the techniques of hybrid language, magic realism peppered with native themes. Thus from a post colonial era Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English novel therefore stands as the tale of Changing tradition, the story of a changing India. The stories were there already in India steeped in folklores, myths, written in umpteen languages as India isRead MoreEffects of Corruption in the Phil.14311 Words   |  58 Pagestaken from the website of Philippine Anti-Graft Commission, the government agency tasked to weed out corruption on the government. There were also various definitions of corruption on the first part of our report. We also included the definition of political corruption and the different causes of corruption. These topics are further discussed on the first part. The second part indicated the various effects of corruption to the various sectors of the government. It also shows the effect of corruptionRead MoreRule Of Law And Development10265 Words   |  42 PagesBangladesh Scenario: Problems and Recommendations o Rule of Law, Human Rights Development: o Conclusion 1. Introduction In recent years, the concept of the â€Å"rule of law† has been gaining increased attention in academic and political circles. Now, a major opportunity to capitalize on the recent fascination with the rule of law is on the horizon: the post-2015 generation of Millennium Development Goals. In September 2000, world leaders came together to proclaim, in the MillenniumRead MoreEast African Culture Reflects on Their Drama Using Aminata, Echoes of Silence and I Will Marry When I Want as Case Study12168 Words   |  49 PagesEKITI STATE UNIVERSITY ADO - EKITI FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERARY STUDIES AN ASSIGNMENT ON: ELS 226 (MODERN AFRICAN DRAMA) SUBMITTED BY : GROUP 4 QUESTION: THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE DETERMINES ITS DRAMA. DISCUSS THE EAST AFRICAN EXPERIENCE AS EXEMPLIFY IN FRANCES LIMBULGA’S AMMATA, NGUGI WA THIONGO’ S I WILL MARRY WHEN I WANT AND JOHN RUGANDA’S ECHOES OF SILENCE. LECTURER-IN-CHARGE: DR OLANIYAN MRS LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS. OGUNFEIBO AYOKUNLE O 1002630 IBITOYERead MoreFreedom of Speech, Comparing Freedom of Expression in the Statutory Law and the Sharia Law19992 Words   |  80 Pagesthe Human Rights Conventions that were laid down by these countries. Therefore, I decided to research some points in these conventions that are related to my study in order to nurture my knowledge in this great field of the human sciences. Then, I thought deliberately about the benefit of exerting much effort to get such knowledge since it is existed, well-explained and well-organised, in handy books. But after looking by historical and religious study as far back as some centuries ago, I found that

Enron - Ask Why - 2902 Words

Enron Ââ€" Ask Why? How Unethical and Illegal Behavior Ruined Lives Brief History of Enron Enron was an energy company based in Houston, Texas that dealt with the energy trade on an international and domestic basis. Enron formed in 1985 when Houston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth. After several years of international and domestic expansion involving complicated deals and contracts, Enron became billions of dollars in debt. All of this debt was concealed from shareholders through partnerships with other companies, fraudulent accounting, and illegal loans. By 1989 Enron diversified into trading energy-related commodities. In a few years, Enron had become the largest merchant of energy in the United States. By 1994 Enron had†¦show more content†¦Second, is the principle to desire the truth. Since we desire truth and knowledge, we should not speak that which is not true to others. Did Enron follow the golden rule? Enron traders clearly violated this and in fact spoke some of the time that what they were doing could possibly make som e of these traders retire by 30-40 years of age. Enron s trading strategies during the California were instrumental in the crisis that resulted in harm to many people. Although it is impossible to know the full extent of the harm caused by the crisis, some general categories include financial duress due to extraordinarily large electricity bills, the closure of some small businesses because they couldn t pay their electricity bills, and students sent home from school because their electricity was shut off. It is clear that Enron s behavior in the California energy crisis was unethical. In 1996 a bill was passed to deregulate electricity. This deregulated system was an odd compromise. Enron made sure this compromise would be put all on California. Enron would create these arbitrage opportunities in which they would create profits above and beyond the norm. The Enron traders would create these opportunities and make energy shortages. The company also published financial stat ements intentionally misrepresented the financial condition of the company. This misled analysts forShow MoreRelatedEnron And The Collapse Of Enron1254 Words   |  6 Pagesbelow one dollar. This happened to shareholders of Enron. The total debt amounted to over $ 16 billion, which was the largest corporate bankruptcy in American history. Shareholders lost 60 billion dollars within a few days, 4500 employees lost their jobs, and the employees lost billions in pension benefits. I had never heard the name of Enron nor Enron’s scandal until I watched a film, â€Å"Enron: The Smartest Guys in The Room,† but I realized the Enron scandal affected the whole of the business in theRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Scandal1441 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by others. However, in the business world, the influence of power and money has cost people their livelihoods as well as compromised their self-dignity on many levels. One highly publicized scandal that many have known and read about is the Enron Scandal. The motive behind what a person will do remains endless as it is seen in this unfortunate tale of lies and greed in one corporation. The part that many question even to this day is when the story unfolded it was announced that several peopleRead MoreEnron Case1075 Words   |  5 PagesMINI CASE: THE FILURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT ENRON 1.Which parts of the corporate governance system, internal and external, do you believe failed Enron the most? In the evaluation of the Enron’s case; by trying to see the very big picture, it is not only about that the internal part of the corporate governance system was failed or but also the external part of the corporate governance system was also failed. As noted on the last paragraph of the mini case, many people from different positionsRead MoreEnrons Organizational Culture : Enron1643 Words   |  7 Pages Enron: [Don’t] Ask Why During the year 2000, Enron was exceeding all expectations, its stock was through the roof, and the company seemed to be on top of the world. The next year Enron declared bankruptcy. So how did a company rise and fall so quickly? The key in analysing this question lies in Enron’s organizational culture, which is defined as â€Å"a shared meaning held by members distinguishing an organization† (Robbins and Judge, Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 269). During its primeRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Corporate Rock Star1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of Enron is one of a perfect storm--the right people in the right places with the right ideas, but the exact opposite. Moreover, it is a story about accounting fraud, deception, the ugly side of corporate culture and, most of all, greed. In entry level accounting classes, it is taught that publishing accurate financial statements and being honest in accounting practices are fundamental to maintaining a healthy busin ess and achieving lasting success. Enron is a shining example of whatRead MoreEssay On Enron And Social Control1436 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Enron made greater use of social control as a means of guiding employee action, however, the company did have limited methods of formal control in place. By using social influence tactics, limiting dissenting opinion, and inflicting a sense of high cohesion among employees, Enron deceived millions into believing the company was more profitable than it actually was. Because Enron’s values and norms were not conducive to a successful, ethical company, the employee’s targets, attitudesRead MoreAccounting Scandals And The Enron Corporation1721 Words   |  7 Pageshappened in numerous companies. In one major case, the firm filed for bankruptcy, and many of its workers lost their jobs, savings, and investments from stocks. This major epidemic happen at Enron, an energy firm stationed in Houston, Texas founded by Kenneth Lay in 1986 (Frontain). On December 2, 2001, the Enron Corporation, an apparently strong and booming business, fell to an all-time low by shocking the wor ld when it filed for bankruptcy protection. Many people were left unemployed and withoutRead MoreEnron : The Smartest Guy Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagesscandals to come to mind would be the bankruptcy of Enron Corporation. If we apply and analyze the skills of a negotiator like Founder and Chairman Kenneth Lay, CEO Jeffery Skilling, and CFO Andrew Fastow it becomes clear how and why the actives of Enron were perpetuated for as long as they were. â€Å"This wasn’t about the numbers Enron was publishing, but rather it was about the people. This was a human tragedy† (Gibney). As expressed in the documentary, â€Å"Enron: The Smartest Guy’s in the Room,† the core issueRead MoreEnron - Ethical Dilemma Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesEthical decision making: A dilemma Ethical issues have greatly transformed in our lives since the great Enron, Xerox and other huge corporations proposed big profits showing earnings of billions of dollars and yet in reality facing bankruptcy. These corporations faced great trouble with the federals and state for manipulating financial statements. But not only corporations can be blamed on this, accounting firms were involved in this as much as the corporations were. With the business standRead MoreEnron : The Largest Energy Trader1669 Words   |  7 PagesEnron was the largest company for energy and natural gas made possible through the merging of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth based in Omaha. The merger made Enron the largest energy trader in the country and the seventh largest in the world. The company advanced into new fields of business by launching a broadband service unit and Enron online, where people can go to trade commodities. Enron rose quickly to become one of America’s most valuable company. It had a peak of $100 billion in revenue

Biochemical Engineering Essay Example For Students

Biochemical Engineering Essay How would you like to examine physical properties of a wide array of different animals? Not only that but also research the processes of many organisms? If this sounds exciting, then biochemical engineering is the best career choice for you! Biochemists find many amazing things. For example, a biochemist discovered that increased flexing of a certain pelvic muscle helps to stimulate the activity in your brain. If you wanted a great job like this college is not always required. You can get internships with companies. In these internships you help out fellow scientist in there everyday duties. That can lead to self employed jobs which you control the experiments and do what you please. But this doesnt happen often, most of the time you will need to go to college for at least two years for your bachelors degree. Studies at Rutgers University for Chemistry include general chemistry for engineers, introduction to computers for engineers, engineering lectures, calculus, and physics. After you finish college the money will be rollin in. Biochemical engineers in Wisconsin make anywhere between $38,873 and $47,403 per year. For example there is a job in Madison as a product evaluation specialist for a prominent biotechnology firm. They evaluate the operation of new products and their effects. Now you see that this is a very fun, exciting, and promising job. I would recommend seeing your guidance councilor to see what local colleges would best suit your biochemical interests. Bibliography:Biochemistry: Protein Arrays Step Out of DNAs Shadow!,Science Service, Robert F.; 9-8-2000http://sol.rutgets.edu/Web2000/biochem.htmlwww.salary.comwww.biochemicalengineering.com

My hobby free essay sample

Hobby is what a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. The most popular hobby is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities from gardening to traveling, from chess to volleyball. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing dfferent computer games. This hobby is becoming more and more popular. Making things include drawing, painting, handicrafts. Many people collect something coins, stamps, compact discs, toys, books. Some collections have some value. Rich people often collect paintings, rare things and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries. As for me, I like to listen to music. 3 months ago my parents bought me a compact disc player and I decided to collect compact discs. I like different music, it should be good, I collect discs of my favourite groups and singers. We will write a custom essay sample on My hobby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I carefully study the information printed on discbooklets. I try to find everything about my favourite singers. Also like to watch music programmes on TV. I want to keep up with the news In the world of music. Of course, I like to spend my spare time with my friends. We talk about all sorts of things ( polltlcs, teachers, girls). We discuss films, books. TV programmes. In fine weather we like to be in the open air. We find a nice place somewhere in the forest. We make a fire, bake potatoes and have a lot of fun. When the weather is bad, my friends come to my place. We have a good time together. My Hobby free essay sample A hobby is a special work which a person does for the sake of his amusement. It is our favourite recreation. A hobby is generally an art in which a person is most interested. A hobby to one may be a profession to other. It always serves as a source of recreation. There are numerous hobbies. Some are fond of singing. Others like to draw pictures. Some collect stamps and old coins while others take interest in collecting poetry pieces or purchasing old books. The young are fond of playing outdoor games and visiting pictures. The old take delight in walking and gossiping. In short, there are as many hobbies as there are persons. My hobby is something different from others. I love gardening. I am so fond of it that it has become my life and breath. I cannot live without it. The flower-beds, the grassy lawns and the young plants and trees have great influence upon me. We will write a custom essay sample on My Hobby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My small garden is so lovely that I do something in it daily to add to its beauty. It takes most of my leisure time. I have prepared many beds and plots. Each bed is picture-like containing different kinds of flowers. In the plots there are different kinds of trees. The garden is surrounded by hedges. Seeing my great interest in gardening, my father has kept a gardener to guide me. The sight of flowers and the trees fills my heart with pleasure, because they are the fruit of my labour. My hobby has taught me a great deal about plant life. I have come to know the wonders of the plant life. Today I know the numerous varieties of plants and flowers. For me the garden has become the book of nature. I have learnt the art of vegetable cultivation. When my garden yields fruit and vegetables I feel proud that I have solved the food problem to some extent. My good health makes me feel that no other physical exercise is so delightful as working in a garden. Again my hobby amuses me. It recreates my mind. Botany has become a very interesting subject for me. On holidays I work hours and hours together in my garden. To me it is a better recreation than a visit to the cinema hall. Instead of being fed up, I find ever increasing enjoyment in my hobby. I am looking